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Table 5: Summary of findings of primary research studies included in scoping review (n = 13)a

Author (year), country

Objective

Study design

Method

Study outcomes

Significant predictors of performance

Challenges or barriers

Comparison with domestic students

Student perceptions

Contribution

Population

Note: AEP = Advanced Education in Prosthodontics , ADA = American Dental Association, ITD = internationally trained dentist, NBDE = National Board Dental Examination (US), NR = not reported, SAT = Science Achievement Test, TOEFL = test of English as a foreign language, USTD = US-trained Dentists .
aShading of cells indicates that variables were not assessed.
bOther countries of origin were Egypt, Syria, Peru, China, Korea, Iran, Pakistan, Mexico and Brazil.

Kogon et al. (2012),17 Canada To compare grades Quantitative NR     Overall performance is equivalent      
Pitigoi-Aron et al. (2011),11 USA To determine predictors of academic performance Quantitative NR TOEFL, NBDE I          
Kogon et al. (2011),10 USA To determine ITDs’ self-perceptions about their clinical performance before and after completing program Quantitative NR       Skills enhanced in oral medicine and treatment planning, record keeping, informed consent, ethics and regulated dentistry    
Al-Sowygh and Sukotjo (2011),2 USA To compare ITDs and domestic students in terms of perceptions about their current clinical training and future goals Quantitative NR   Lower stipends, high tuition USTD- higher educational debts, greater interest in becoming ACP member and in continuing maxillofacial fellowship program Desire to continue academic or research career Diversity, underserved communities, serve in vacant academic positions  
Boorberg et al. (2009),6 USA To determin pathways for ITDs Quantitative Overview   Cultural differences, psychological adjustment, sociocultural adjustment     Increase in number of dentists, increase in service to underserved communities  
Itaya et al. (2008),22 USA To determin predictors of academic performance Quantitative NR TOEFL, NBDE I, interview          
Sweis and Guay (2007),20 USA To identify the geographic origins of ITDs Quantitative NR           India (25.8%), Philippines (11%), Colombia (5.8%), and othersb
Stacey and Whittaker (2005),19 USA To determine predictors of academic performance Quantitative NR NBDE II, dexterity          
Rice et al. (2003),12 USA To determine the population size of ITDs Quantitative Descriptive   Language, counselling needs, lack of academic achievement     May serve in faculty positions Increasing, especially in graduate programs
Simon et al. (1997),18 USA To determine predictors of academic performance Quantitative NR TOEFL, bench tests          
Berthold and Lopez (1994),5 USA To perform a program evaluation Quantitative Program evaluation            
Browder et al. (1980),7 USA To determine predictors of academic performance Quantitative NR ADA SAT, NBDE I          
Hausmann (1973),21 USA To perform a program evaluation Qualitative NR NBDE I, previous academic records, years away from dental practice, age